Books

Raffield, B. In Prep. The Lives Unseen: Comparative Approaches to Captivity, Forced Migration, and Slavery in Viking-Age Scandinavia. Under contract with Routledge.

Zori, D. & Raffield, B. In Prep. The Viking Age in 50 Objects. Under contract with Routledge.

Price, N. & Raffield, B. 2024. The Vikings. London & New York: Routledge. Publisher’s website.

Edited Volumes

Raffield, B., Hirasawa, Y. & Price, N., eds. 2024. Multivocal Archaeologies of the Pacific War, 1941-45: Collaboration, Reconciliation, and Renewal. London & New York: Routledge. Publisher’s website.

Kitzler Åhfeldt, L., Hedenstierna-Jonson, C., Widerström, P., & Raffield, B. eds. 2020. Relations and Runes: The Baltic Islands and their Interactions During the Late Iron Age and Early Middle Ages. Stockholm: The Swedish National Heritage Board. This book can be downloaded here.

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Taggart, D., Bønding, S., Cooijmans, C., Moen, M. & Raffield, B. In Press. ‘‘Tired of a warm boudoir and gloves filled with down’: The construction of Viking Age warrior identity’, article awaiting publication in Viking and Medieval Scandinavia.

Birch, J., Raffield, B., Arkush, E., Roscoe, P., Allen, M., Cameron, C., Gragson, T., Hedenstierna-Jonson, C., Lindblom, M., & Thompson, V. In Press. ‘Breaking down the “barbarian” trope: Strategic military coordination in decentralized collectives’, Journal of Archaeological Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-025-09208-x. 

Arkush,  L., Roscoe, P., Birch, J. & Raffield, B. 2025. ‘Problematizing ‘alliance’ in anthropological archaeology’, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 79, 101706. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B., Taggart, D., Bønding, S., Cooijmans, C. & Moen, M. 2025. ‘Warrior institutions and martial networks in Viking-Age Scandinavia’, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 78, 101661. This article can be downloaded here.

Speidel, L., Silva, M., Booth, T., Raffield, B., Anastasiadou, K., Barrington, C., Götherström, A., Heather, P. & Skoglund, P. 2025. ‘High-resolution genomic history of early medieval Europe’, Nature, 637, 118-26. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B., Fredengren, C. & Kjellström, A. 2024. ‘Narratives of inequality: Towards an archaeology of structural violence in Late Iron Age Scandinavia’, Archaeological Dialogues, 30 (2), 137-62. This article can be downloaded here.

Ögren, A., Hedenstierna-Jonson, C., Ljungkvist, J., Raffield, B. & Price, N. 2022. ‘New institutional economics in Viking studies: Visualising immaterial culture,’ Archaeological Dialogues, 29 (2), 172-87. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2022. ‘Bound in captivity: Intersections of viking raiding, slaving, and settlement in Western Europe during the ninth century CE’, Scandinavian Journal of History, 47 (4), 414-37. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2021. ‘Broken worlds: Towards an archaeology of the shatter zone’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 28, 871-910. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2020. ‘The Danelaw reconsidered: Colonization and conflict in Viking-Age England’, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 16, 181-220. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2019. ‘Playing Vikings: Militarism, hegemonic masculinities, and childhood enculturation in Viking-Age Scandinavia’, Current Anthropology, 60 (6), 813-35. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2019. ‘The slave markets of the Viking world: Comparative perspectives on an ‘invisible archaeology’’, Slavery & Abolition, 40 (4), 682-705. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B., Price, N. & Collard, M. 2019. ‘Religious belief and cooperation: An alternative view from Viking-Age Scandinavia’, Religion, Brain & Behavior, 9 (1), 2-22. DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2017.1395764. Please email me for a copy of this article.

Raffield, B., Price, N. & Collard, M. 2017. ‘Polygyny, concubinage and the social life of women in Viking-Age Scandinavia’, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 13, 165-209. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B., Price, N. & Collard, M. 2017. ‘Male-biased operational sex ratios and the Viking phenomenon: An evolutionary anthropological perspective on late Iron Age Scandinavian raiding’, Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (3), 315-24. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2016. ‘Bands of brothers: A re-appraisal of the Viking Great Army and its implications for the Scandinavian colonization of England’, Early Medieval Europe, 24 (3), 308-37. DOI: 10.1111/emed.12154. Please email me for a copy of this article.

Raffield, B., Greenlow, C., Price, N. & Collard, M. 2016. ‘Ingroup identification, identity fusion, and the formation of Viking warbands’, World Archaeology, 48 (1), 35-50. DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2015.1100548. Please email me for a copy of this article.

Raffield, B. 2014. ‘“A River of Knives and Swords”: Ritually Deposited Weapons in English Watercourses and Wetlands During the Viking Age’, European Journal of Archaeology, 17 (4), 634-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957114Y.0000000066. Please email me for a copy of this article.

Raffield, B. 2013. ‘Antiquarians, Archaeologists and Viking Fortifications’, Journal of the North Atlantic, 20, 1-29. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2009. ‘“Plundering the Territories in the Manner of the Heathens”: Identifying Viking Age Battlefields in Britain’, Rosetta, 7, 22-43. This article can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2008. ‘A Historic Battlefield?’ in Edgeworth M. ‘The Tempsford Project: an interim report’, South Midlands Archaeology, 38, 8-16.

Book Chapters

Cook, G., Webster, J. & Raffield, B. In Press. ‘Buying and selling slaves.’ Chapter for forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Comparative Slavery Studies, edited by Jane Webster, Catherine Cameron, and Gregory Cook.

Raffield, B., Kjellström, A. & Fredengren, C. In Press. ‘Inequality and marginalisation in the Viking-Age burial record.’

Raffield, B. In press. ‘Knives.’ In: J. Ljungkvist et al., eds. Valsgärde: Cremation and Chamber Burials.

Raffield, B. 2024. ‘Raiding, warfare, and the viking threat: Tracing the emergence of predatory landscapes in western Europe during the 9^th century CE.’ In: B.J. Bowser & C.M. Cameron, eds. Landscapes of Movement and Predation: Perspectives from Archaeology, History, and Anthropology. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 133-62. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Raffield, B., Hirasawa, Y. & Price, N. 2024. ‘Introduction: A war of the worlds.’ In: B. Raffield, Y. Hirasawa & N. Price, eds. Multivocal Archaeologies of the Pacific War, 1941-45: Collaboration, Reconciliation, and Renewal. London & New York: Routledge, 1-9. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Ljungkvist, J. & Raffield, B. 2023. ‘Cult buildings and ritual sites: A view from Gamla Uppsala.’ In: L. Gardeła, S. Bønding & P. Pentz, eds. The Norse Sorceress: Mind and Materiality in the Viking World. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, 63-72. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Raffield, B. 2021. ‘Captifs, traites et marchés: l’esclavage viking.’ In: P. Ismard, B. Rossi & C. Vidal, eds. Les Mondes des l’Esclavage – Une histoire Comparée. Paris: Le Seuil, 109-14. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Raffield, B. 2021. ‘Slave-raiding and -trading.’ In: J. Varberg & P. Pentz, eds. Join the Vikings – The Raid. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, 201-18. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Raffield, B., Gardeła, L., & Toplak, M.S. 2021. ‘Slavery in Viking Age Scandinavia: A review of the archaeological evidence.’ In: M.S. Toplak, H. Østhus & R. Simek, eds. Viking-Age Slavery. Wien: Fassbaender, 6-56. Please email me for a copy of this chapter.

Raffield, B. 2020. ‘No one is an island: In-group identities in the Viking-Age Baltic.’ In: L. Kitzler Åhfeldt, C. Hedenstierna-Jonson, P. Widerström & B. Raffield, eds. Relations and Runes: The Baltic Islands and their Interactions During the Late Iron Age and Early Middle Ages. Stockholm: The Swedish National Heritage Board, 31-40. This chapter can be downloaded here.

Reports and Popular Science Articles

Raffield, B. 2024. ‘Exploring the Martial Cultures of the Viking Age.’ Invited blog piece produced for the Grimfrost 10^th Anniversary monthly blog. The post can be accessed here.

Raffield, B. 2021. ‘Sklaverei und ausbeutung [Slavery and exploitation].’ In Die Wikinger. Seeräuber und Krieger im Licht der Archäologie, ed. Matthias S. Toplak, Archäologie in Deutschland. Darmstadt: WBG Theiss, 77-84.

Raffield, B. 2021. ‘Militarisierte kindheiten [Militarised childhoods].’ In Die Wikinger. Seeräuber und Krieger im Licht der Archäologie, ed. Matthias S. Toplak, Archäologie in Deutschland. Darmstadt: WBG Theiss, 71-77.

Raffield, B. 2020. ‘Captivity and slavery during the Viking Age: Human commodities’, Medieval Warfare, 10 (4), 16-21.

Raffield, B. 2018. ‘Raiding, slaving, and the economies of unfreedom in the Viking diaspora’, The SAA Archaeological Record, 18 (3), 32-34. This article can be downloaded here.

Lindsay, G., Knecht, R., Price, N., Raffield, B. & Ashlock, P. T. 2015. Peleliu Archaeological Survey 2014. WWII Battlefield Survey of Peleliu Island, Peleliu State, Republic of Palau. This report can be downloaded here.

Raffield, B. 2012. ‘Landscapes of Conflict: The Scandinavian Occupation of England’, Research report in the Newsletter of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, 47 (Spring 2012), 9.

Invited Non-Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Slingerland, E., Monroe, M.W., Sullivan, B., Walsh, R.F., Veidlinger, D., Noseworthy, W., Herriott, C., Raffield, B., Peterson, J.L., Rodríguez, G., Sonik, K. Green, Tappenden, F.S., Ashtari, A., Spicer, R. & Muthukrishna, M. 2020. ‘Historians Respond to Whitehouse et al. 2019, “Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history”’, Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 5(1-2), 124-41.

Commentaries

Raffield, B. 2018. ‘Modelling prehistory: Some comments on Maritime Modes of Production and the comparative analysis of past societies’, Current Anthropology, 58 (5).

Web-Based Publications

Raffield, B. 2017. ‘Old Norse Fornsed’, entry for the Database of Religious History. DOI: https://religiondatabase.org/browse/224.

Teaching Resources

Children in the Viking Age – a teaching pack for KS1 students in the UK, produced in collaboration with Dr. Kirsty Squires and Eduardo Hernandez for the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past. The teaching pack can be downloaded here.